Reflective Journal on Work Experience Module - Free Essay Example

ASSESSMENT TITLE : ANALYSIS OF VOCATIONAL AREA OF CHOICE à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" INFLUENCES TRENDS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" PO1 WORK EXPERIENCE MODULE As a part of my FETAC Level 5 Major Award (QQI) in Work Experience, I was required to do an assignment divided in 6 parts covering the Business and Office Administration sector by analysing the vocational area for the various influences and trends. PREFACE The purpose of this study is to get an overall view of the Office and Business Administration sector in Ireland. I have tried to get as much information possible in this sector, which continues to change and improve. Through this study I have tried to examine the sector and highlight the importance in broader terms. I have briefly touched the public and private sectors in Ireland and studied the career opportunities available in business and office administration. I have also tried to study the job responsibilities and the skills and qualifications one needs to have to earn a respectable salary. Business and Office skills are required by every organisation. Schools, colleges, hospitals, government offices, private businesses, medical and legal firms are few to name. These skills help run the organisation efficiently and smoothly on day-to-day basis. When choosing a career in any field, it is important to consider the specifics. What types of jobs are available, what are the qualifications needed for that particular position, what is the salary being offered, what responsibilities does the position expect to carry out. QUESTION 1 Outline the range of career opportunities within your chosen workplace sector indicating the qualifications required at each level. INTRODUCTION As a part of my assignment I was required to research and study the different career opportunities and monetary growth available to a person with the right qualifications and skills in the Business and Office Administration sector. Public sector are organizations owned and operated by the government fall under this sector. For example county offices, health care centres, Garda and prison services, local and central government departments, fire service, defence, postal services, educational institutes, bus / dart / luas and many more. For a person to make a career in the public sectors administrative department Clerical Officer (CO) is the first step of the ladder. The next level is the Executive Officer (EO). Higher Executive Officer (HEO). Administrative Officers (AO) are the next in line. Assistant Principal (AP) Principal Secretary General Third Secretary or Junior Diplomat. Private sector are those organizations that are privately owned and not owned or run by the government belong to the private sector. These usually include profit and non-profit corporations, partnerships, traders and charities. For example, retail stores, credit unions, and local businesses in the following sectors agricultural, construction manufacturing, professional services finance, medicine and law, transport, travel and hospitality, communications, other utilities such as gas, phone and mobile services, electricity. There are a number of positions one can apply to in the private sector. To name a few are Receptionist Help Desk / Call Centre / Support Staff or Customer Service Representative Accounts or Payroll Assistant Administrative Assistant Secretary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" General Secretary, Medical Secretary, Legal Secretary Marketing Assistant Human Resource Assistant Personal Assistant Office Manager Administrator Supervisor Executive Assistant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2798103 https ://www.careersportal.ie/sectors/sector_experts.php?client_id=17parent=12ed_sub_cat_id=34#.VRFaCEZbF5U à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“https://about.brighton.ac.uk/careersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  There are different levels that one can apply for Entry Level, Middle Level and Higher Level. Each level requires certain experience, skills and qualifications. The nature of work varies depending on the type and size of business and whether one works in the public sector or private sector. Salaries vary as per the job level. Certain criteria are taken into consideration when deciding the salary structure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" skills and years of experience, educational qualification. https://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-office-administration-jobs.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2339835 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35243786 Some Job Profiles Secretary as an essential member of any organisation handles all administrative and clerical duties and assists with the daily tasks , conducts research for long term projects, manages information and supervises other administrative employees. Only a high school diploma or its equivalent is needed to qualify for the job; on-the-job training is common. Positions also exist at the executive level and in the legal and medical fields, which could then require specialized education and/or knowledge. Proficiency in English and computers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" word processing, excel, typing, filing is what makes a good secretary. Good communication and organisation skills are the main criteria. Starting salaries can range from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12,000 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬16,000 per year. Depending on the experience the salary can go up to 35K. Receptionist being the first person that customers come in contact with, presents a first good impression about the company by greeting, welcoming, and directing the clients, suppliers and visitors appropriately; managing the front of an office and keeping desk tidy; handling phone c alls, emails and mail. To work as a receptionist academic qualifications are not compulsory but GCSE in Maths and English is preferred. A professional approach and strong communication and customer service skills are needed. Starting from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12,000-15,000 per year and can increase up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬24,000 depending on the industry. The average pay for a Receptionist is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬22,461 per year. https://coverlettersandresume.com/resume/duties/receptionist-skills-qualifications-strengths-and-duties-for-resume/ https://www.jobawareness.com/receptionist-duties-qualifications.asp Clerical Officer handles general clerical duties e.g. answering/making telephone calls, dealing with correspondence, filing, photocopying, reception desk, maintaining data using computer or manual systems, and other general office duties. Grade D (or a Pass), in Higher or Ordinary Level, in five subjects from the approved list of subjects in the Department of Education Establi shed Leaving Certificate Examination or Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme or at least two years previous service in an office of Grade III, Grade II, Grade II typist or Grade I is all that is needed. Proficient in word processing skills Word, Excel and PowerPoint, particularly in the area of speed, accuracy and presentation; verbal/written communication/interpersonal skills as well as excellent organisation skills; excellent knowledge of the Irish Legislation are asked for the position. Salary is set in the civil service with he current scale starting at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬20,859 and going to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬33,078 (after 3 years on maximum), à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬37341 (after 6 years on maximum). https://www.impact.ie/your-sector/public-sector/civil-service/civil-service-salary-scales/merged-salary-scales-for-new-entrants/ https://gradireland.com/careers-advice/job-descriptions/clerical-assistant Human Resources Assistant is primarily responsible for maintaining employee records and documentation concerning grievances, terminations, absences and performance reports. Handle recruiting, hiring or training new employees, posting job openings, gathering information from applicants, verifying prior employment, contacting references and letting applicants know whether they got the job. As well as answering questions from employees or the public concerning the company is carried out.. With just a high school education a person can start a career in this field. Strong computer and interpersonal skills are also necessary. On-the-job training is given. Graduate entrants can start at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬25,000 and rise to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬40,000 per year with experience. The more the experience, the better the pay. Senior personnel officers, especially in large organisations, earn considerably in excess of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬100,000. Salary levels for HR officers vary considerably across sector. Salaries in large private companies tend to be higher than those for workers in local authorities. https://gradireland.com/careers-advice/job-descriptions/human-resources-manager https://www.payscale.com/research/IE/Job=Human_Resources_(HR)_Manager/Salary Marketing Assistant helps the Marketing Manager oversee the advertising, sales promotions, PR for the business. Day-to-day administrative tasks, welcoming customers and preparing reports for the company along with market researching are handled. With emphasis on computer knowledge and the ability to multi-task any graduate can become a marketing assistant but marketing and business experien ce is an advantage. Good communication and organisational skills, good team player, are considered an asset. The salary range for a marketing assistant is from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬19,000 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬35,000 per year. Accounts Assistant gives administrative support to accountants, undertaking clerical tasks such as typing, filing, making phone calls, handling mail and basic bookkeeping.ensuring all accounts including expenses and general ledges systems are under control and in perfect order. Customer service and communication skills, and excellent attention to detail are very essential. Knowledge of low-level accountancy and basic skills in book-keeping are preferable, prior to beginning the job. Experience of office-based computer systems and software is usually necessary. One must be qualified having accounting experience, if possible. A qualification relevant to accountancy would be ideal, though in-house training is often available to those working as accounts assistants . Degrees (bachelors or masters) in accounting, finance, statistics, economics or maths would be desirable. The average pay usually is around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬25,000 per year. CONCLUSION It is important to understand the difference between the private and public sector as privacy rights differ as per the legislation the organisation is governed under. Getting into Clerical and Administrative work requires strong written and spoken communication skills, together with computer skills, organisational and time management skills, and the ability to complete tasks to a high standard. A large number of courses relevant to careers in Clerical and Administration are run in PLC and IT colleges throughout the country. Students through these courses gain experience in all aspects of the technology relevant to the smooth running of modern office environments. Courses are usually one year in duration and are full-time with work experience a mandatory part of their study. These cour ses aim to equip their students with the necessary practical and computing skills and the knowledge necessary for the dynamic world of business. Courses would typically include subject areas such as IT skills (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Database), Business Law, Book-keeping, Communications and Business Calculations. Advanced administration courses are also available for specific sector areas. Because of the increasingly fast pace of business life today, all clerical staff must learn how to function efficiently under pressure, and in a multiplicity of ways, in a fast changing environment. The public who interact with the organisation can be very demanding. Front office staff must be able to deal with the public in a calm, but efficient, friendly manner. For this kind of career, you need to have good written and spoken English. It is becoming increasingly important to be reasonably proficient in at least one other European language. Qualities such as good organisational skil ls, keyboard and computer skills, competence in managing office requirements, good communication skills, a pleasant manner and a neat and tidy appearance are also important.

Gender Roles And Social Cognitive Theory - 1785 Words

Women model their behavior after the female protagonists they see in films because they see them being successful in love and wish for the same. Women modeling this behavior are an example of social cognitive theory. In the 1980s, this theory was expanded by film theorists who drew from different fields and since then many studies have been conducted to see how films influence society (Nannicelli). Stereotypes in film influences society in the ways it portrays romance, explained by social cognitive theory; movies give a false illusion for women to believe and unrealistic expectations of men and relationships. The social cognitive theory suggests that people who watch romantic comedies glean some understanding from the films by observing the actors behavior and take away from it how they should behave in their own relationships. Due to the unrealistic modeling of behavior that the media gives society, following this example cannot possibly bring a desirable outcome. Hollywood’s goal is to entertain their viewers and make them fall in love with the story and characters, but viewers often don’t realize this and after watching a romantic movie have a longing for fairy tale love. Hollywood has created an unrealistic and unattainable love. Therefore, when women model their ideals for a relationship off of the romantic-comedy genre, they are highly disappointed, ultimately causing themselves to once again go back to living vicariously through the characters (Green). Women whoShow MoreRelatedEssay about Compare and Contrast Two Theories of Gender Role Development1379 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast two theories of gender role development A dominant debate in current psychological research is one on gender development. Psychologists try to understand relative importance of social and cognitive factors. Various theories are brought up in this field and in this essay two of the most standard theory in this field are going to be explained. The theories covered in this essay relate to aspects of children’s thinking that are central to their gender development. This will includeRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom and are usually very identified with the particular gender that we happen to be a member of.† This quote by Andrew Cohen explains partially how gender identity develops, through the conditioning of our environments. The most influential factor of gender development, however, is still a very controversial issue. An analysis of the gender identification process reveals two main arguments in what factor most greatly contributes to gender development: biol ogy differences (nature) or the environmentRead MoreVygotsky Theory, Social Learning Theory And Attachment Theory1486 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky Theory, Social Learning Theory and Attachment Theory in a Daycare Setting With the increasing number of working parents, there is an increasing need for childcare. When being a stay-at-home parent or having a babysitter is not an option, many parents turn to daycares for the care of their children. However, finding the right daycare for their children is a challenge because they need to find the most suitable type of care that fits their child’s needs. In doing this, they have to considerRead MoreEffect Of Gender And Gender Representation On Media1735 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of gender and gender representation in media has been widely researched in various academic disciplines, including anthropology and communication studies. Similar gender role expectations are not just restricted to Western culture either. A study on gender representation in East Asian advertising by Michael Prieler is a demonstration of the influence of gendered communication. The research examines the male and female representation in the advertising of East Asian coun tries like HongRead MoreGender Differences Within Social Development1747 Words   |  7 Pagesreader of the gender differences through social development. Depending on a child’s gender, things such as gender identity and social acceptance have a great impact in their development. The first thing parents learned about their children before birth is the sex of the baby. This highlights the importance of sex and gender. Sex differences have long been a very important topic in psychology and in understanding why gender differences affect social development. Social learning theory helps to explainRead MoreAdolescence : A Social And Cultural Construct1639 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescence is both a social and cultural construct as well as biological one, it is the developmental period where one transition from being a child to adult and face biological, psychological, and social challenges. This challenging, and important time in between childhood and adulthood has caused a l ot of interest in the psychological field and a number of theories have been developed in order to try and explain the different stages of development. One of the most significant models of psychosocialRead MorePredjudice and Discrimination as a Part of Our Cognitive Social Being804 Words   |  4 PagesPart of Our Cognitive Social Being Prejudice and Discrimination are an all to common part of our cognitive social being, but many social psychologists believe that it can be stopped, but only with the help of social conditioning. In this writing I hope to explain and point out some key terms and points made in my assigned chapter. Prejudice refers to a special type of attitude, usually something negative toward any group or ethnicity that is not of ones own social class. AttitudeRead MoreGender Portrayal Of Gender Roles953 Words   |  4 Pageswomen continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent within advertising. Because advertisements in the media frequently rely on gender roles to promote products and services (Eisend, 2010), research examining the effects of gender portrayals in advertising has become increasingly important in the social and behavioral sciences. Of particular significanceRead MoreLifespan Development : Cognitive, And Personal And Social Development1717 Words   |  7 Pages Development is a continuing process throughout the lifespan. 4. Every period of life contains potential for growth and decline in abilities. There are three known major areas of study in Lifespan Development which are the Physical, Cognitive, and personal and social development. These groups have to do with age and range of Lifespan Psychology. Lifespan literally connotes from cradle to grave, in other words from conception to death. Lifespan is divided into these following age periods; prenatalRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Gender Roles On Children With Stay At Home Dads948 Words   |  4 PagesBridging the gap between previous studies, the current research explores the influence of parental gender roles on children with stay at home dads. Acknowledging that this area of interest provided inconsistent results, predictions are that experiences will vary. However, it is thought that children’s views of domestic and unpaid labour division will be more equal. Results of the study validated previous findings, with a supposed explanation that implicit and explicit ideas have more impact than

Italian Verb Conjugations Desiderare

The Implications Of Density Dependence - 1336 Words

The purpose of this study is to document the implications of density dependence in crawfish frog populations in two different environments: restored prairie and disturbed farmland, to find out equilibrium population size is most sensitive to which life stage and to study whether the strength of density dependence varies with environment. We hypothesize that strength of density dependence will determine the equilibrium population size. Strength of density dependence can vary from weak to strong depending on the habitat quality. Habitat quality in turn will affect the equilibrium population density that the habitat can support. This knowledge of effects of environmental context on population can change the focus of conservation policy from protecting quantities of breeding ponds to maintaining their quality. Materials and methods Study Organism This section provides a brief description of the biology and life history of Lithobates aerolatus (see Vanessa for a thorough review). Crawfish frogs are known to be solitary and secretive animals inhabiting crayfish burrows for most of the year (Hoffman et. al., 2010; Heemayer et. al. 2012). They have a patchy distribution in the south-central United States (Conant and Collins, 1991) and are listed as state-endangered or rare species in six of 12 states in which it occurs (IUCN REDLISt).Crawfish frogs breed from March to April in ephemeral, temporary, and seasonal wetlands usually in open grasslands but occasionally in woodedShow MoreRelated Sustainable Development Policies Can Reduce Urbanization Problems1300 Words   |  6 Pagescaused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solu tions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems. A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% ofRead More%Para 1: Networks Are Being Increasingly Used To Quantify1281 Words   |  6 Pagesnetworks pointed out the difficulties in comparing network structures across taxa, as most of the global network properties are constrained by network size and edge density citep{Faust2006}. Comparative studies of primate social networks have shown an association between neocortex size, which is linked to higher social ability, with network density, connectivity, and global network efficiency citep{Kudo2001, Lehmann2009, Pasquaretta2014}. citet{Lusseau2004} compared the structure of dolphin social networksRead MoreA Term Paper On Energy Storage Systems Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesPropanol and Butanol is gotten from them. The Energy density of each the biofuel varies such that the Energy density of Bioalcohol depends on the type while that of Ethanol, Propanol and Butanol are 30, 34 and 36.6MJ/Kg respectively. †¢ Fat Oil: Biodiesel is gotten from this form of feedstock and it has an Energy density of 37.8MJ/Kg. †¢ Hydro-cracking of Fat and Oil Feedstock: Green-diesel is gotten from this feedstock and has an Energy density of 48.1MJ/Kg. †¢ Slightly (un)modified Feedstock: FatRead MoreThe Development of Heart Failure916 Words   |  4 Pagesof Ca signaling. It is present in sarcolemma and nuclear compartments with research showing specific association with perinuclear ca pools., thereby affecting total cytosolic and nuclear ca cycling. I will also relate this to the pathological implications of IP3 signalling in the cardiac myocyte.Ip3rs and upstream receptors and gene products conc is changed in pathological condions such as hf and other associated e.g. arryhtmias. Ca in excitation contraction coupling Read MoreThe Ethics Of The Bridge1372 Words   |  6 Pagestransported to a refinery. The oil is then fractionally distilled or catalytically cracked into smaller fragments being ethene (ethylene) and others such as octane. Ethene undergoes additional reactions to produce a polymer known as polyethylene (High density) which is then moulded into the desirable shape. The barrel is then mounded to the bridge for floatation, and since plastic is a non-degradable material the expected lifetime is very long, until the barrel gets penetrated and cannot serve its purposeRead MorePhysical And Mental Health Implications Of Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Programs1018 Words   |  5 Pagesover the world, their effects have been felt for just as long. Since drugs have been used, there were always those who abused them, which led to full-blown addiction and the bevy of side effects that come with it. As the physical and mental health implications of addiction became clearer, rehabilitation efforts began to appear. As a result, the history of rehabilitation in the United States dates back hundreds of years. Today, thousands of drug abuse rehabilitation programs offer addicts a variety ofRead MoreUrban Sprawl And The United States3113 Words   |  13 Pagesand effect of sprawl in the United States, give detailed background information on Fairfax County, future trends and implications of sprawl in Fairfax County, how to combat sprawl in the United States as well as in Fairfax County and key priorities in future research. What is Urban Sprawl? To define sprawl we have to understand the characteristics that make up sprawl. Low density is most commonly defined as that of single family homes on larger lots in areas constituted as suburban, buildings areRead MoreA Short Note On Opioid Addictive Brain Disease1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe poppy plant. Genetic predisposition is thought to play a role in addictive brain disease producing vulnerability to opioid addiction (Kreek, et al., 2012). The combination of compulsive use of opioids, regardless of consequences, and physical dependence is the clinical description of drug addiction. Heroin use in urban areas has significantly increased between 2002 and 2012. In 2002, there were 214,000 people diagnosed as opioid dependent, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalRead MoreThe Main Principles Of Sustainable Urban Development1697 Words   |  7 Pagescombat the growing problem of lack of space in the country (Wong, 2008). The 1971 Concept Plan conducted by State City Planning (SCP) was never officially released to the public but has noted the need for the high strength, corridor-based and high density cities (Wong, 2008).The compact spatial strategy deemed that any future large scale road projects and construction was unsustainable and not feasible (Pendakur et al., 1989). Under the SCP there were drastic changes in the main urban areas of SingaporeRead MoreSmoking Is Smoking A Lifestyle Or Disease?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthousands per year to a heavy smoker and several hundred to a casual smoker. Tobacco will often take precedence over long-ter m financial security satisfaction. The health implications of tobacco consumption are massive, and it is reasonable to assume that the majority of tobacco consumers have or had intimate knowledge of the health implications of long-term tobacco consumption. Besides what academic knowledge a smoker can have of tobacco s ill effects, they will be progressively experienced first-hand as

The Problem Of Single Parent Household - 1307 Words

As this crisis of single parent household continues children that are place within BBBSA program are benefited because they receive social support that is able to help them understand gender roles and perform better in school. Amato says that, children in single parent homes are having to deal with the actual effects [single parent households] because they will get less financial support, affection, information, direction, observation, and less role modeling from an adult (Hippmann-West, 2001, p. 18). This statement by Amato supports the idea by many religious groups in America that believe that children are better off with two adults in the home. This statement also outlines some of the deficiencies these children are more probable to have which makes a case for the need of a complete solution. In connection with this idea of children receiving less support, Takako explains (2002) that â€Å"Generally speaking, a child grows up taking the parent of the same sex as a model.[For a s ingle parent child], [one of the] model[s] is not present; and such children may have difficulty in adopting the attitudes and behavior patterns of their respective sex† ( pg 4). In other words the earlier a child loses an example the more likely they are to have gender gaps and this may create problem in their interpersonal life later on. When these children become parents, the habitual interaction styles they have used in their interaction with other people extend to their children. In order toShow MoreRelatedSingle Parent Homes Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pages Single Parent Homes A single parent is one who is living without a spouse and/or partner. This individual takes on all of the daily responsibilities that comes with raising a child(ren). 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In today’s single parentRead MoreThe Impact Of Single Parenting On Children1494 Words   |  6 Pages This paper explains the impact of single parenting on children in the Unites States .Over the years the â€Å"normal family† form has changed due to the increase in the numbers of children born outside of marriages and the increase in divorce rates. Now many children live in households other than the two-parent household. Single-parenting is the lifestyle chosen by many parents, though the majority of single-parent households are regulated by the mother. Research shows there are many different effectsRead MoreSingle Parents Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesI grew up in what I would consider. I had two parents who loved me and a sister I got along with most of the time. I never really thought about single-parent families; I cannot recall any of my close friends having only one parent. Growing up with two parents may be normal for me, but for some, it is not. In this day and age, divorce is more common, and growing up with one parent is not out of the ordinary. According to Mary Parke; Policy Analyst at the Center for Law and Social Policy, â€Å"An increaseRead MoreThe New Nuclear Family: Problems Benefits in Single Parenthood804 Words   |  4 PagesFamilies supported by single parenthood are no longer viewed as nontraditional. Becoming apart of the social norm, 27% of the families in the United States are headed by only one single parent. As more single-parent families begin to emerge in North America, the public brings concern to examine the outcomes of these households for the wellbeing of children. Overall, financial difficulties and possible negative effects for children are two main issues of single-parenthood. However, a number positiveRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency1286 Words   |  6 PagesLiving in poverty when I was a child, made me realize now that I am older how my life could have been completely different. I had family and friends who lived in a single parent household and others who lived with both of their parents; it made a tremendous impact on how they would behave, their morals, and values. Many of the other children who used to live in the same neighborhood as I did not appreciate the same values I would. Some of us continue going to school which was a small percentage whileRead MoreThe Number Of Juveniles Committing Crimes1745 Words   |  7 Pagesto figure out what the problem is. Though no one answer can tell people why numbers are going up, researchers are determine to figure out what may be the root of the issue. It has been stated by many studies that the environment a child comes from can determine whether they will become a criminal. There are 3 main categories that have been discussed that researchers believe may affect the way a juvenile acts. These categories are family disruptions, single parent hous eholds, and lower class livingRead MoreCause And Effect Of Single Parent Households1154 Words   |  5 PagesEspecially in today’s society, it’s disturbingly common for a child to have to grow up in a single parent household, letting the consequences of this scenario internally destroy the child like a virus. The effects are usually the same, but the frequency of the effects shouldn’t deter the severity. Another misconstrued ideal about single parent households, is whether or not the â€Å"statistics† and the â€Å"studies† taken on these families is enough to summarize the general population. They aren’t. The sameRead MoreSingle Parent Families Put Many Mental Effects on their Children1058 Words   |  5 PagesS. Census Bureau, claimed that out of 12.2 million single parent families in 2012, more than 80% were single mother parents. For a long time, there are many children that have grown up in a single-parent home. Kids who are raised by one parent seems almost impossible to them but have become more common in today’s society. Regardless of the situation, children who grow up in a household with one biological parent instead of two biological parents are often more susceptible to risks that can be harmfulRead MoreTraditional Families Vs Single Parent Families1615 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies versus single parent families. A traditional family household is a household with two parents, mother and father. A single parent family household is a one parent household a mother, or father. This household is usually occurs when a parent dies, parents divorce, or the parents was never married and separated after having a child together. The question at hand is would a child be more successful and mentally stable in life growing up in a traditional family household, or single parenting household

Golden Retrievals Tpcast free essay sample

The reader will realize that Mark Doty has an underlying theme to the poem. | P| Paraphrase) This poem starts out by introducing the speaker, which is a golden retriever. Mark Doty does this by writing about activities that dogs generally like to do, â€Å"Fetch†, â€Å"a squirrel who’s actually scared† and â€Å"sniff the wind† are all prototypical activities dogs spend their time doing. The second stanza continues this trend of articulating the dog’s various activities. But by the second line, the dog has shifted his attention towards the activities of his master. The dog is learly disappointed by his owner’s lack of attention, and describes the owner as being â€Å"sunk in the past†. The third stanza goes deeper into the problems with the human mind. The dog is warning his owner that people spend too much time worrying about the future, and that it is up to the dog to bring the person back to the present time, as he says, â€Å"My work: to unsnare time’s warp. †The final stanza only consists of two lines; it weaves together the themes of the human mind and the loyalty of dogs. | C| Connotation) The diction used in the first stanza is simple. None of the words have real in-depth connotations that hint at alternate meanings. Doty presumably does this to establish the fact that the dog has an untainted mind, which will help in exemplifying his final point. †Fetch†, â€Å"Balls and sticks†, â€Å"Bunny†¦ sniff the wind† the vocabulary used is pure, literal and blunt. If anything, the word â€Å"capture† may be used to develop the image of a dog playing fetch. The second stanza is where it gets more serious. â€Å"muck, pond, ditch and residue† are all words that have relatively bad connotations. They suggest unpleasant images of unsanitary nature. Also, by using the word â€Å"thing† directly after â€Å"dead†, the golden retriever dehumanizes what was previously alive. This suggests that dogs do not linger in the past, as it is not necessary for it to pay respects for this â€Å"dead thing†. | A| Attitude) The overall attitude of this poem is cheerful but with a purpose. The dog’s way of talking is broken up among four stanzas. Sometimes the line ends mid-sentence or mid-thought, and this adds to the impatient attitude of the dog. Actually, it’s not necessarily impatient so much as it is anxious; easily distracted; living in the present. | S| Shifts) There are clear shifts within this poem. Between the first and second stanzas, the golden retriever changes from discussing his favorite activities to making a comment on the haziness of his owner’s mind. It is also clear that Mark Doty intended for the shifts between stanzas and lines to be sudden, similar to the way (at least the way humans perceive) dogs tend to become easily distracted by things, like squirrels or rabbits. The shift between stanzas two and three is more clean-cut, the dog is formulating his point that the human mind has two modes—one in the present and one in the past. By the fourth stanza, the golden retriever has shifted back to ‘dog mode’ in a sense and ends it on a light note. | T| Title) now that I look back at the title again, I believe that what Mark Doty meant by the phrase ‘golden retrievals’ is that golden retrievers (or any kind of dog for that matter) are good at living in the present, and they are capable of retrieving their human-friends’ minds back from wandering around in the past or the future. It is a metaphor for the game of fetch as well as salvation from our bothersome thoughts. | T| Theme) The theme of this poem is to not waste present time worrying about the past or the future. | This is the script (Read poem) So. â€Å"Golden Retrievals† by Mark Doty is a poem where the speaker is a golden retriever. I have a golden retriever, so that’s kind of why I picked this poem. Let’s take a look at this first stanza here. Okay, so as far as diction goes, there’s not that much to speak of. . None of the words have real in-depth connotations that hint at alternate meanings. Doty presumably does this to establish the fact that the dog has an untainted mind, which helps solidify the theme that becomes more evident in the end. The words he uses like â€Å"fetch† â€Å"balls† and â€Å"sniff the wind† are all simple and literal. . If anything, the word â€Å"capture† used here (underline) may be used to develop the image of a dog playing fetch. The second stanza is where it gets more serious. â€Å"muck, pond, ditch and residue† are all words that have relatively bad connotations. They suggest unpleasant images of unsanitary nature. And a shift in the attitude of the poem. The first stanza was pretty pleasant and happy, but the second stanza is where it starts to get more dark, and these images and words help lead the reader into this transition. Also, by using the word â€Å"thing† directly after â€Å"dead†, the golden retriever dehumanizes what was previously alive. This suggests that dogs do not linger in the past, and so when the golden retriever goes on to complain about his owner â€Å"thinking of what (he) can never bring back,† it makes sense that the dog would not find it necessary to pay its respects to the ‘dead thing’. By the third stanza, the reader has already established that the dog does not approve of his owner standing around pondering about the past all the time, but he goes on to enlighten his human further. When the golden retriever says, â€Å"you’re off in some fog concerning tomorrow,† it not only suggests an image of haziness, but it is something of an allusion back to the walk that the dog and the person are supposedly having. The reader realizes that when he or she is absentminded, too busy thinking about the past or the future, their dog is in the present. And the dog goes on to say that it is his, â€Å"work to unsnare time’s warp† This is the point where the attitude of the poem turns back around. The dog is trying to tell his owner that he can help him. Also, Mark Doty uses the word â€Å"haze-headed† to connect with â€Å"fog† used in the beginning of the stanza; this helps to solidify the argument. This last, two-line stanza has a lot of secret stuff. When the dog says â€Å"bow wow† all those times, it does multiple things. One is that it solidifies the poem as a whole, by going back to the motif of dogs running around and having fun—which is what the poem started out with. And two: it indicates that the repetitive â€Å"bow wow† sound is coming from the â€Å"zen-master’s bronzy gong†. This is ironic because it suggests that the dog is himself the ‘zen-master’ and dogs are usually not the master, but it goes with the theme that golden retrievers live in the present and have the most fulfilling life. By the end of the fourth stanza, the reader can deduce that Mark Doty’s intended theme of the play is that people should not waste present time thinking about the past or the future. That is all.

Management Accounting Budgeting and Variances

Question: Describe about the Management Accounting Budgeting and Variances. Answer: 1. Calculating the flexed and actual budget: Flexible Budget Particulars Amount Amount Sales 769,500 Variable Cost Direct materials 194,400 Direct labour 202,500 396,900 Contribution 372,600 Fixed overhead 128,000 Net profit 244,600 Table 1: Depicting the flexible budget (Source: as created by author) Actual Budget Particulars Amount Amount Sales 753,300 Variable Cost Direct materials 192,500 Direct labour 221,000 413,500 Contribution 339,800 Fixed overhead 130,000 Net profit 209,800 Table 2: Depicting the Actual budget (Source: as created by author) With the help of table 1 and 2, the overall flexible and actual budget could be effectively evaluated. Moreover, from the flexible budget the overall profit of the company has been seen increasing, which states that flexible budget might help in improving the overall budget value. Quan et al. (2013) mentioned investor to reduce the variance in overall budget mainly uses that flexible budget. The table 3 mainly states the variance analysis of flexible and actual budget of the company. The variable cost and fixed overhead cost have positive amount, which states the favourable assumption taken in the budget. However, the sales price and sales units has negative value, which depicts the low profit generation capital of the company. Variance Particulars Actual Flexible Variance Sales 753,300 769,500 (16,200) Variable Cost 413,500 396,900 16,600 Contribution 339,800 372,600 (32,800) Fixed overhead 130,000 128,000 2,000 Net profit 209,800 244,600 (34,800) Table 3: Depicting the Variance (Source: as created by author) 2. Calculating the variance: Sales variances; volume and price: Sales volume variance Particulars Amount Actual unit sold 810 Budgeted unit sold 800 Budget price per unit 950 Sales volume variance 9,500 Table 4: Depicting the Sales volume variance (Source: as created by author) Sales price variance Particulars Amount Actual price 930 Budgeted price 950 Actual unit sales 810 Sales price variance (16,200) Table 5: Depicting the Sales price variance (Source: as created by author) With the help of table 4 and 5, the overall sales price and volume could be evaluated. In addition, the sales volume variance has been detected as positive, while the sales price variance is negative. This only indicates that company is selling more products by reducing the prices of the products. Lee et al. (2012) mentioned that price of the products is mainly calculated based on demand and supply of the product. Direct material variances; usage and price: Direct material price variance Particulars Amount Actual quantity 7,000 Actual price 28 Standard price 30 Direct material price variance (17,500) Table 6: Depicting the Direct material price variance (Source: as created by author) Direct material usage variance Particulars Amount Actual quantity 7,000 Standard quantity 6,400 Standard price 30 Direct material usage variance 18,000 Table 7: Depicting the direct material usage variance (Source: as created by author) With the help of table 6 and 7, the overall variance of direct material usage and price can be evaluated. Moreover, the material price variance is mainly negative, which depicts the overall decline in costs of the overall material. In addition, the material usage variance has mainly increased from the expected budget, which states the demand of quantity is high. The actual production is relatively high, which states the high amount of quantity needed by the company to support the rising demand. Kaplan and Atkinson (2015) stated that with the help of variance analysis companies are able to improve the budget process and reduce the overall negative impact from external forces. The decline in actual production price is relatively adequate, however, the assumption of the material usage is negative, which might reduce continuity of the production process. Direct labour variances; efficiency and rate: Direct labour efficiency variance Particulars Amount Actual hours 8,500 Standard hours 8,000 Standard rate 25 Direct labour efficiency variance 12,500 Table 8: Depicting the Direct labour efficiency variance (Source: as created by author) Direct labour rate variance Particulars Amount Actual quantity 8,500 Actual rate 26 Standard rate 25 Direct labour rate variance 8,500 Table 9: Depicting the Direct labour rate variance (Source: as created by author) Table 8 and 9, mainly states the overall direct labour rate and efficiency variance, which might be used by the company to depict a more fruitful budget in future. Both direct labour rate and efficiency has a positive variance, which states that the budgeted rate was not adequate to support activities of the company. The increase in production led to the rise in demand for labour hours, which raised the overall direct production cost of the company. Hofstede and Shinzato (2012) stated the evaluation of direct labour hours and labour rate helps in detecting the cost reduction, which might be conducted by the company to support the overall profitability. Gabillon, Ghavamzadeh and Lazaric (2012) argued that variance in direct labour rate is viable as the overall cost mainly comes from the excess or shortage of labour available to the company. Fixed overhead variance and spending: Fixed overhead variance spending Particulars Amount Actual fixed overhead 130,000 Budget fixed overhead 128,000 Fixed overhead variance spending 2,000 Table 10: Depicting the fixed overhead variance spending (Source: as created by author) With the help of table 10, fixed overhead variance spending could be evaluated, which might be used in understanding the overall changes in budget assumption. Moreover, the 2000 excess amount is spend in the fixed overhead by the company, which states the rising cost incurred from the production process. This value mainly states the rise in quantity will also raise the overall fixed cost of production. Chong and Mahama (2014) stated that determination of changes in fixed cost might mainly help companies to prepare an effective budget, which might support its future endeavours. Depicting the suggestion to improve cost control: After the evaluation of overall budget of Orchid Ltd, the relative variance is seen rising, which might negatively affect the overall profitability of the company in the end. Moreover, the use of Zero based budgeting system might mainly help the company to reduce the overall cost and improve its profit generation capacity. The zero based budgeting system might mainly help in reducing and controlling the overly cost of the company, which in turn might help in depicting an effective budget that could support its future endeavors (Boudt, Carl and Peterson 2012). Reference and Bibliography: Boudt, K., Carl, P. and Peterson, B.G., 2012. Asset allocation with conditional value-at-risk budgets.Journal of Risk,15(3), pp.39-68. Chong, K.M. and Mahama, H., 2014. The impact of interactive and diagnostic uses of budgets on team effectiveness.Management Accounting Research,25(3), pp.206-222. Gabillon, V., Ghavamzadeh, M. and Lazaric, A., 2012. Best arm identification: A unified approach to fixed budget and fixed confidence. InAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems(pp. 3212-3220). Hofstede, G.H. ed and Shinzato, T., 2012.The game of budget control. Routledge. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Lee, L.H., Pujowidianto, N.A., Li, L.W., Chen, C.H. and Yap, C.M., 2012. Approximate simulation budget allocation for selecting the best design in the presence of stochastic constraints.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,57(11), pp.2940-2945. Quan, N., Yin, J., Ng, S.H. and Lee, L.H., 2013. Simulation optimization via kriging: a sequential search using expected improvement with computing budget constraints.Iie Transactions,45(7), pp.763-780. WorksLand, C., 2015. The current year to date budget variance is mainly due to a large land purchase that has occurred earlier than expected when the 2015/16 Budget was prepared.There is also an additional land purchase that is funded from a Development Contribution Plan, that was not expected at the time of preparing the,16.